Skip to main content

Table 4 Comparison of associated injuries between the subsets of patients of the PFx group and the control group, who had an ISS of less than 75 and were classified as potentially preventable deaths. Associated severe injuries were significantly more common in the PFx group than in the control group.

From: Patients with pelvic fractures due to falls: A paradigm that contributed to autopsy-based audit of trauma in Greece

Injuries: Anatomic Region,

(AIS-90 codes)

PFx group

Control group

After adjustment for age, gender, intention, and height of fall

p-value

 

n

%

n

%

OR†

95% CI

 

Total number of patients analysed

163

100

695

100

   

Head, (1.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5)

112

68.7

575

82.7

0.42

0.28-0.63

< 0.001

Brain, (1.4.**.**.*), (AIS3-5)

92

56.4

535

77.0

0.33

0.23-0.49

< 0.001

Skull, (1.5.**.**.*), (AIS2-4)

47

28.8

393

56.6

0.27

0.18-0.40

< 0.001

Thorax, (4.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5)

145

89.0

278

40.0

10.54

6.25-17.79

< 0.001

Thoracic wall, (4.5.**.**.*), (AIS2-5)

137

84.1

232

33.4

9.36

5.94-14.76

< 0.001

Thoracic viscera, (4.4.**.**.*), (AIS2-5)

99

60.7

129

18.6

5.90

4.01-8.66

< 0.001

Thoracic vessels (4.2.**.**.*), (AIS2-5)

28

17.2

36

5.2

3.47

2.00-6.02

< 0.001

Abdominal, (5.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5)

117

71.8

145

20.9

8.36

5.54-12.59

< 0.001

Abdominal/pelvic viscera, (5.4.**.**.*), (AIS1-5)

112

68.7

123

17.7

9.07

6.03-13.66

< 0.001

Liver, (5.4.18.**.*), (AIS2-5)

76

46.6

78

11.2

5.83

3.86-8.79

< 0.001

Spleen, (5.4.42.**.*), (AIS2-5)

57

35.0

70

10.1

4.21

2.74-6.47

< 0.001

Gastrointestinal tract, (5.4.44.**.*, 5.4.10.**.*, 5.4.14.**.*, 5.4.08.**.*, 5.4.36.**.*), (AIS2-5)

3

1.8

8

1.2

1.16

0.29-4.56

0.834

Abdominal vessels, (5.2.**.**.*), (AIS2-5)

0

0.0

1

0.1

Cannot be estimated

Diaphragm, (4.4.06.**.*), (AIS2-3)

5

3.1

6

0.9

2.57

0.75-8.83

0.133

Kidney, (5.4.16.**.*), (AIS2-5)

38

23.3

31

4.5

5.17

3.04-8.82

< 0.001

Bladder, (5.4.06.**.*), (AIS2-4)

0

0.0

1

0.1

Cannot be estimated

Genitourinary tract, (5.4.48.**.*, 5.4.06.**.*, 5.4.50.**.*, 5.4.52.**.*, 5.4.34.**.*, 5.4.56.**.*, 5.4.54.**.*,

5.4.30.**.*, 5.4.46.**.*), (AIS1-5)

5

3.1

2

0.3

11.64

2.08-65.0

0.005

Perineum, (5.4.32.**.*), (AIS1-3)

2

1.2

1

0.1

7.77

0.60-100.0

0.116

Spine, (6.**.**.*.*), (AIS2-5)

45

27.6

98

14.1

2.40

1.57-3.65

< 0.001

Cervical spine, (6.3.02.**.*, 6.4.02.**.*, 6.5.02.**.*), (AIS2-5)

30

18.4

77

11.1

2.11

1.30-3.43

0.003

Thoracic spine, (6.3.04.**.*, 6.4.04.**.*, 6.5.04.**.*), (AIS2-5)

18

11.0

25

3.6

2.90

1.50-5.62

0.002

Lumbar spine, (6.3.06.**.*, 6.4.06.**.*, 6.5.06.**.*), (AIS2-5)

3

1.8

5

0.7

2.79

0.62-12.55

0.182

Upper extremities, (7.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-3)

102

62.6

279

40.1

2.07

1.44-2.99

< 0.001

Upper limb skeletal trauma, (7.5.**.**.*), (AIS1-3)

59

36.2

105

15.1

2.77

1.87-4.11

< 0.001

Humerus, (7.5.26.**.*), (AIS2-3)

29

17.8

37

5.3

3.37

1.96-5.81

< 0.001

Forearm, (7.5.28.**.*, 7.5.32.**.*), (AIS2-3)

29

17.8

23

3.3

5.79

3.17-10.57

< 0.001

Lower extremities, (8.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5)

114

69.9

271

39.0

3.15

2.16-4.60

< 0.001

Lower limb skeletal trauma, (8.5.**.**.* besides pelvis: 8.5.26.**.*, 8.5.28.**.*, 8.5.30.**.*), (AIS1-3)

162

99.4

120

17.3

762.6

105.3-5525

< 0.001

Femur, (8.5.18.**.*), (AIS2-3)

45

27.6

74

10.7

3.20

2.06-4.97

< 0.001

Tibia, (8.5.34.**.*, 8.5.16.**.*), (AIS1-3)

38

23.3

38

5.5

4.44

2.68-7.36

< 0.001

Acetabulum-hip, (8.5.06.**.*, 8.5.26.00.2), (AIS1-2)

4

2.5

3

0.4

5.63

1.15-27.65

0.033

Foot fracture, (8.5.02.**.*, 8.5.04.**.*, 8.5.10.**.*, 8.5.12.**.*, 8.5.14.**.*, 8.5.20.**.*, 8.5.22.**.*, 8.5.32.**.*, 8.5.36.**.*), (AIS1-2)

8

4.9

8

1.2

3.48

1.24-9.79

0.018

Calcaneus fracture, (8.5.14.00.2), (AIS2)

3

1.8

1

0.1

11.80

1.14-121.9

0.038

  1. *The asterisks that follow the AIS-90 codes indicate that the complete range of injuries was included. Injuries are ranked on a scale of 1 to 6, with 1 being minor, 2 moderate, 3 serious, 4 severe, 5 critical, and 6 not compatible with life injury.
  2. §PFx group versus control group.
  3. AIS-90, Abbreviated Injury Scale - 1990 revision; OR, odds ratio; PFx, pelvic fractures.