Patients with pelvic fractures due to falls: A paradigm that contributed to autopsy-based audit of trauma in Greece

Table 1 Injuries potentially causing major haemorrhage in trauma patients other than the pelvic fractures, as previously used [2].

Description of Injury	AIS-90 codes
Carotid artery	2.2.02.04.3, 3.2.02.*., 3.2.04.*.
Jugular vein	3.2.06.*., 3.2.08.*.
Penetrating injuries with blood loss >20% by volume	1.60.06.3, 2.1.60.06.3, 3.1.60.06.3, 5.1.60.06.3, 7.1.60.06.3, 8.1.60.06.3
Skin laceration with blood loss >20% by volume	1.1.06.06.3, 2.1.06.06.3, 3.1.06.06.3, 4.1.06.06.3, 5.1.06.06.3, 7.1.06.06.3, 8.1.06.06.3
Skin avulsion with blood loss >20% by volume	1.1.08.06.3, 2.1.08.06.3, 3.1.08.06.3, 4.1.08.06.3, 5.1.08.06.3, 7.1.08.06.3, 8.1.08.06.3
Aorta	4.2.02.*., 5.2.02.*.
Innominate vessels	4.2.04.*., 4.2.06.*.
Pulmonary vessels	4.2.10.*., 4.2.12.*.
Subclavian vessels	4.2.14.*., 4.2.16.*.
Vena cava	4.2.18.*., 5.2.12.*.
Myocardium	4.4.12.*., 4.4.10.*., 4.4.13.*.
Celiac artery	5.2.04.*.
Named abdominal vessels	5.2.14.*., 5.2.16.*.
Liver	5.4.18.14.3, 5.4.18.24.3
Spleen	5.4.42.*.
Kidney	5.4.16.14.3, 5.4.16.24.3, 5.4.16.40.3
Mesentery with blood loss >20% by volume	5.4.20.24.3
Omentum laceration major with blood loss >20% by volume	5.4.22.24.3
Limb crush	7.1.30.*., 8.1.30.*.
Traumatic amputation (except fingers, toes)	7.1.10.*., 8.1.10.*.
Axillary vessels major laceration	7.2.02.08.3, 7.2.04.06.3
Brachial vessels major laceration	7.2.06.08.3, 7.2.08.06.3
Major lacerations of other named vessels of upper limb	7.2.10.08.3, 7.2.12.06.3
Femoral vessels	8.2.02.*., 8.2.04.*.
Popliteal vessels	8.2.06.*., 8.2.08.*.
Major lacerations of other named vessels of lower limb	8.2.10.*., 8.2.12.*.

*Asterisks that follow the AIS-90 codes indicate that the complete range of injuries was included. AIS-90: Abbreviated Injury Scale - 1990 revision. Severity of injuries ranged from 1 to 6, with AIS1 being minor, AIS2 moderate, AIS3 serious, AIS4 severe, AIS5 critical, and AIS6 an unsurvivable injury.

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