Table 2 Demographic and injury characteristics in relation to Marshall groups (score <3 less severe, score ≥3 more severe TBI).
| Variables |
Less severe TBI (n = 50) (%) |
More severe TBI (n = 61) (%) | p-value |
Total (N = 111) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.08 | |||
| Male | 43 (86) | 44 (72) | 87 (78) | |
| Female | 7 (14) | 17 (28) | 24 (22) | |
| Age (years) | 0.69 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 31.7 ± 10.7 | 32.6 ± 12.4 | 32.2 ± 11.6 | |
| Education | 0.002 | |||
| 0-9 years | 11 (22) | 4 (6) | 15 (14) | |
| 10-12 years | 14 (28) | 33 (54) | 47 (42) | |
| ≥ 13 years | 25 (50) | 18 (30) | 43 (39) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 6 (10) | 6 (5) | |
| Marital status | 0.54 | |||
| Married/live with | 27 (54) | 35 (59) | 62 (56) | |
| Divorced | 4 (8) | 7 (12) | 11 (10) | |
| Live alone | 19 (38) | 17 (29) | 36 (32) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | |
| Employment | 0.40 | |||
| Employed | 39 (78) | 46 (81) | 85 (77) | |
| Unemployed | 3 (6) | 6 (11) | 9 (8) | |
| Retired/Disabled | 8 (16) | 5 (9) | 13 (12) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 4 (7) | 4 (2) | |
| Cause of injury | 0.04 | |||
| Traffic accidents | 23 (46) | 42 (69) | 65 (59) | |
| Falls | 17 (34) | 11 (18) | 28 (25) | |
| Others | 10 (20) | 8 (13) | 18 (16) | |
| Substance use | 0.01 | |||
| No | 20 (40) | 39 (64) | 59 (53) | |
| Yes | 30 (60) | 22 (36) | 52 (47) | |
| Glasgow coma scale (GCS) | 0.001 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 8.9 ± 2.9 | 5.5 ± 2.5 | 7.0 ± 3.2 | |
| Injury severity score (ISS) | 0.001 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 25.2 ± 14.6 | 35.0 ± 10.7 | 30.6 ± 13.5 | |
| Type of injury | 0.67 | |||
| Isolated TBI | 20 (40) | 22 (36) | 42 (38) | |
| Multiple traumas (incl. TBI) | 30 (60) | 39 (64) | 69 (62) | |
| Intracranial surgery | 0.001 | |||
| No | 39 (78) | 21 (34) | 60 (54) | |
| Yes | 11 (22) | 40 (66) | 51 (46) | |
| Medical complications | 0.001 | |||
| No | 35 (70) | 12 (20) | 47 (42) | |
| Yes | 15 (30) | 49 (80) | 64 (58) | |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 1.5 (6) | 12 (14) | 5 (13) | |
| Length of acute hospital stay (days) | 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 5 (6) | 12 (12) | 8 (11) | |
| Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)at discharge | 0.001 | |||
| 1 (dead) | 0 (0) | 13 (21) | 13 (12) | |
| 2 (vegetative state) | 0 (0) | 14 (23) | 14 (13) | |
| 3 (severe disability) | 19 (38) | 28 (46) | 47 (42) | |
| 4 (moderate disability) | 31 (62) | 6 (10) | 37 (33) | |
| 5 (good recovery) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |